How GPS Works

Global Positioning System (GPS) is a navigational aid originally developed for the military. The system simply receives signals. It is the functional technology that gives the GPS its adaptability.

If you have ever used map and Navigational instrument for finding directions, you will know some about how the GPS works. In order to find your place on a map, you need to have three points of reference. The intersecting line from the reference points is where you are. Map and compass work uses triangulation (bearings), GPS uses trilateration (distances) to determine location. Satellites orbiting the earth emit unique signals that can be received by a GPS. The GPS software construe the signal, recognizes the satellite that it came from, where it was located, and the time that it took for the signal to reach the system. Once the receiver has both time and distance it begins to decide position.

Three satellites provide the connection point and the fourth is used to check that the positioning is correct. Accuracy depends upon the synchronization of atomic clocks in the satellites with the clock in the GPS system. even though the clock in the GPS is not atomic, utilizing the fourth satellite gives it that functionality as the internal clock adjusts itself to correct any variation discovered.

GPS has gone far away from its initial military application. Drivers can find their way through city streets, long distance trekkers use the technology to cross unknown land, mariners and pilots use GPS enhanced data to cross the seas and skies.

In vehicle GPS can be included into the car entertainment system or can be put in as a removable device. These systems need to tell the driver where he/she is and how to get to their destination. The information contains road directions plus relevant features along the way such as rest stops, gas stations, points of interest, etc. Auto GPS uses voice commands so that the driver can concentrate on the road.

Hikers and trekkers use alike technology, but usually without the inclusion of road systems on their devices. Mapping software defines the territory that the hiker will encounter. The user can enter waypoints (points of reference) so they can return using the same route. They can add points of interest such as water sources, possible campsites, and other items of interest on their trail. However, the portability demanded by hikers will also limit the functionality of the system as small screens mean that some detail will be lost.

It is GPS technology that is used to track persons on home arrest, to trace missing pets, slipped vehicles, and missing people. Small systems can be integrated into pet collars and wristwatches. As long as the receiver is active, it can be found.

Marine and aviation GPS units are advanced and specialized. The principles involved are the similar as any standard system; the software is much more highly developed.

If you are taking into account purchasing a GPS, confirm that it can be updated easily. This is especially true if you buy a multi--function GPS or one that is used where conditions change frequently. An in--vehicle GPS soon loses its usefulness if it is not updated as road systems change.

Updates vary according to the device being used. They can come in CD/DVD packages or as computer downloads. The user can buy maps specific to the area in which the GPS will be used or a range of maps and routes. These are available from GPS software companies who will charge proportionally to the sophistication of the software.

GPS units vary in price according to their value. It is probable to buy units for less than one hundred dollars to units costing more than one thousand dollars. What your needs are will be a factor in the cost of your unit. If you are a backpacker then portability is a major consideration. If you are a trucker, you need to be able to find a delivery point as quickly and conveniently as possible. Whatever device you go for, cost is generally related to quality. Buy the best you can afford.